Artificial High Directionals: Purpose-Built Systems and Improvised Solutions

Artificial High Directionals (AHDs) play a crucial role in technical rescue operations by creating elevated anchor points for hauling, lowering, and managing edge transitions. While purpose-built products like the Arizona Vortex and SMC Terradaptor are industry standards, rescue teams often encounter scenarios where they must improvise using existing structures such as stairwells, elevators, ladders, or fire trucks.

This guide will provide a comprehensive overview of both purpose-built systems and improvised solutions, ensuring that you have the knowledge to use AHDs effectively and safely in a variety of scenarios.

Part 1: Purpose-Built Artificial High Directionals

Arizona Vortex 

The Arizona Vortex is one of the most versatile and widely used AHDs in technical rescue. It is purpose-built to meet the diverse needs of rescue teams, allowing them to create stable high directional points in various configurations. Whether used as a tripod, A-frame, or gin pole, the Arizona Vortex provides unparalleled flexibility in adapting to different rescue scenarios.

Rescue professionals appreciate the Arizona Vortex for its lightweight design and modular setup, making it easy to transport and assemble in the field. The system is engineered from aerospace-grade aluminum, ensuring both strength and durability while keeping weight manageable. It has been tested rigorously to meet industry standards, providing rescue teams with the confidence that it can withstand the dynamic loads encountered during operations.

One of the unique features of the Arizona Vortex is its ability to adjust leg lengths independently. This feature is particularly useful when setting up on uneven terrain, where other high directional systems might struggle to maintain stability. Additionally, the system’s apex can accommodate various rigging setups, making it suitable for both simple and complex rescue operations.

The Arizona Vortex is frequently used in confined space rescues, highlines, and tensioned rope systems. It allows rescuers to safely manage edge transitions, which are critical points in many technical rescues. The versatility of the Arizona Vortex means that it can be adapted to a wide range of environments, from industrial sites to wilderness settings.

Applications:

The Arizona Vortex is used in a variety of rescue scenarios. Below are some of the key applications:

• Highlines and Tensioned Rope Systems: The system can act as a stable high directional anchor point, facilitating the movement of loads across spans.
• Edge Transitions in Confined Spaces: It provides a secure way to manage edge transitions, ensuring that the load remains stable and controlled.
• Raise and Lower Systems in Steep and High-Angle Environments: The Vortex is a reliable choice for situations where loads need to be raised or lowered in difficult terrain.

Each of these applications requires a deep understanding of rigging principles to ensure safety and effectiveness. The Arizona Vortex’s modularity makes it a valuable tool for adapting to the unique challenges presented by each scenario.

Setup Instructions:

Setting up the Arizona Vortex requires careful planning and execution to ensure stability and safety. Below are the key steps involved:

1. Determine Configuration: Decide whether to set up the Arizona Vortex as a tripod, A-frame, or gin pole based on the specific rescue scenario. Each configuration offers unique advantages, so the choice should be guided by the operational needs.
   • Tripod Configuration: Best for creating a high directional anchor in confined spaces.
   • A-Frame Configuration: Ideal for edge transitions and steep terrain.
   • Gin Pole Configuration: Useful for lifting operations where space is limited.
2. Anchor Points: Secure the legs using anchor straps or ground spikes to ensure stability. Proper anchoring is crucial to prevent movement during operation. Check that the anchors are rated for the expected load.
3. Pulley Systems: Attach pulleys to the apex to create a high directional for rope systems. Ensure that the pulleys are properly aligned to reduce friction and avoid rope abrasion.
4. Load Testing: Conduct a pre-use load test to ensure stability and integrity. Load testing helps identify any weaknesses in the setup before the actual rescue operation begins.

Safety Considerations:

Safety is paramount when using the Arizona Vortex. Below are some critical safety considerations:

• Check for Wear and Tear: Regularly inspect all components for signs of wear or damage. Replace any compromised parts to ensure the system remains reliable.
• Use Guy Lines: Stabilize the structure in windy conditions by using guy lines. Proper stabilization reduces the risk of tipping or collapse.
• Monitor Load Angles: Ensure that the load angles do not exceed the system’s rated capacity. Excessive angles can introduce additional stress on the system, leading to potential failure.

SMC Terradaptor

The SMC Terradaptor is another purpose-built AHD designed to meet the demanding requirements of technical rescue teams. Developed by Seattle Manufacturing Corporation (SMC) in collaboration with rescue professionals, the Terradaptor offers a versatile and highly customizable solution for creating high directional points.

The Terradaptor is built from high-strength aluminum and features modular components that can be assembled in various configurations. This adaptability makes it suitable for a wide range of rescue scenarios, from urban environments to remote wilderness locations. The system is known for its durability and ability to withstand harsh conditions, making it a trusted choice for rescue teams worldwide.

One of the standout features of the Terradaptor is its ability to function as a self-supporting tripod or be anchored to existing structures for additional stability. The legs are adjustable, allowing the system to be set up on uneven terrain. Additionally, the Terradaptor’s apex can accommodate multiple rigging setups, providing flexibility for different rescue operations.

The Terradaptor’s design emphasizes both strength and ease of use. Its components are color-coded for quick identification, and the system can be assembled without the need for specialized tools. This ease of assembly is particularly valuable in time-sensitive rescue situations where speed and efficiency are critical.

Applications:

The SMC Terradaptor is used in various rescue scenarios. Key applications include:

• Highlines and Tensioned Rope Systems: The Terradaptor can act as a high directional anchor point, facilitating the movement of loads across spans.
• Edge Transitions and Confined Space Rescues: It provides a secure anchor point for managing edge transitions in confined spaces.
• Temporary Anchor Points in Remote Areas: The Terradaptor is ideal for creating temporary anchor points in locations where traditional anchors are not available.

Each application requires careful consideration of the system’s capabilities and limitations to ensure safety and effectiveness.

Setup Instructions:

Setting up the SMC Terradaptor involves several key steps:

1. Choose Configuration: Select the appropriate setup (tripod, A-frame, etc.) based on the rescue scenario. Each configuration offers unique benefits, and the choice should be guided by the specific operational needs.
   • Tripod Configuration: Ideal for confined space rescues.
   • A-Frame Configuration: Suitable for edge transitions and steep terrain.
   • Gin Pole Configuration: Useful for lifting operations in tight spaces.
2. Secure the Legs: Use anchor straps and ground stakes to stabilize the Terradaptor. Proper stabilization is essential to prevent movement during operation.
3. Rigging Setup: Attach pulleys, carabiners, and other components to create a high directional. Ensure that all connections are secure and properly aligned to minimize friction.
4. Pre-Use Inspection: Conduct a thorough inspection of all components before use. Look for signs of wear, damage, or improper assembly.

Safety Considerations:

Safety is a top priority when using the SMC Terradaptor. Below are important safety considerations:

• Use Redundant Anchor Systems: Where possible, use redundant anchors to provide an additional layer of security.
• Avoid Overloading: Do not exceed the system’s rated capacity. Overloading can lead to component failure and pose a significant risk to rescuers and patients.
• Inspect for Corrosion or Damage: Regularly check all metal components for signs of corrosion or damage. Replace any compromised parts to maintain the system’s integrity.

Part 2: Improvised Artificial High Directionals

Using Stairwells as High Directionals

In some rescue scenarios, stairwells can serve as an improvised high directional when purpose-built AHDs are unavailable. These structures provide natural anchor points that can be used to raise or lower loads in confined spaces. However, the integrity of the stairwell must be carefully assessed before use to ensure it can bear the expected load without compromising safety.

Rescue teams often encounter stairwells in urban or industrial environments where elevators or other high directional options are not practical. Stairwells offer a vertical space that can be effectively utilized for edge transitions and confined space rescues. However, using them requires a thorough understanding of load distribution and the structural limitations of the materials involved.

Before using a stairwell as an AHD, rescuers must evaluate the condition of the handrails, beams, and other structural elements. Only those that meet safety standards and have sufficient load capacity should be used as anchor points. Additionally, the rigging setup must be designed to minimize the risk of damage to ropes and pulleys caused by sharp edges or uneven surfaces.

Steps to Set Up:

1. Identify Strong Anchor Points: Use the stairwell’s handrails or structural beams as anchor points. Ensure that these points are securely attached and capable of bearing the load.
2. Rigging Setup: Run the rope system through a pulley attached at the top of the stairwell. This creates a high directional point that facilitates raising or lowering operations.
3. Stabilization: Ensure that all anchor points are secured and capable of bearing the load. Use additional anchors or stabilization measures if necessary to prevent movement during the operation.

Safety Considerations:

• Verify the Integrity of Handrails and Beams: Inspect all structural elements before use to ensure they are secure and free of damage.
• Avoid Sharp Edges: Protect ropes and pulleys from sharp edges that could cause damage or abrasion.
• Monitor for Structural Weaknesses: Be aware of potential weaknesses in older buildings, such as rusted beams or loose handrails, that could compromise safety.

Elevators as High Directionals

Elevator shafts are a valuable resource in urban rescues for creating high directional anchor points. These shafts provide a vertical space that can be used to facilitate raising and lowering operations in confined spaces. However, using elevators as AHDs requires careful planning and safety protocols to prevent accidental movement or other hazards.

Scenario:

In urban rescues, elevator shafts can provide a ready-made high directional point for rope systems. By securing the elevator car and utilizing the structural beams at the top of the shaft, rescuers can create a stable anchor point for their operations.

Steps to Set Up:

1. Secure the Elevator Car: Lock the elevator in place to prevent movement during the operation.
2. Anchor Setup: Use the structural beams at the top of the shaft as anchor points. Ensure that these points are secure and capable of bearing the expected load.
3. Pulley System: Attach a pulley at the top of the shaft to create a high directional point for the rope system.

Safety Considerations:

• Deactivate the Elevator: Ensure the elevator is deactivated and cannot move during the rescue operation.
• Use Redundant Anchors: Where possible, use multiple anchor points to provide additional security.
• Be Mindful of Limited Space: Work carefully in the confined space of the elevator shaft to avoid accidents or injuries.

1. Arizona Vortex Overview
2. SMC Terradaptor Guide
3. Artificial High Directionals in Rescue Operations
4. Understanding Resultants in AHD Systems
5. Planning and Safe Use of Artificial High Directionals

Peace on your Days

Lance